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APOLOGY OF NON-VIOLENCE

For many speak of non-violence as an ideal and as a form of action, it sounds like utopia, some see it as an impossible question, others as a discourse that hides inaction. What more equivocal large.

The major problems of our societies are directly or indirectly with the use (legitimate and illegitimate) of violence or threat of use, either by States, armed groups or other organized criminal groups.

Even today, in most cases, people consciously and unconsciously, based on their own purposes, dogmas or paradigms, justify the use of violence against others, either by of a group, organization, or state in any of its forms and names.

What many forget is that like that accorded to other individuals, often organized to exert force, a kind of ethical excuse for violence against others, however, no human being has, and that none of us has in reality.

Behind that is a profound ethical flaw that crosses all kinds of issues and findings, the non-recognition of self-possession of people and hence their ultimate value as individuals. You own your life and your body and your life is worth the same as any other. deny that implies that one can be master of life of others, or others may be owners of the life of us.

If we recognize the right of self-possession of each individual and thus their intrinsic value as persons, we conclude that everyone is entitled to be free of violence, yet no one, is a person or group of them, has the right to initiate violence against another under either directly or indirectly, under any justification (except in self defense). The non-aggression axiom.

For many this may sound like an argument impractical and even philosophy convoluted, but the base itself is a kind of decalogue, a truly ethical praxis, which ironically is usually seen as universal often professed but technically little everyday in our daily life.

Many will say, non-violence is utopian because there will always be violent people, crime, fraud and violence, and therefore requires the State and its monopoly power to control (Hobbes's argument that turn all without distinction).

And of course there will always be true minds more violent or criminal. However, it is also true that it is much worse if those potential criminal minds, come to have available a whole contingent of resources to carry out violence from people trained to kill or thousands of fanatical followers willing to die under his command, to arms ability to kill without discrimination.

Worst yet is when those minds have the approval or justification of other human beings to carry out their acts and violent impulses beyond self-defense, to name than it is.

Judging ethically, as we judge the actions of any individual, the actions of governments or groups that use violence in an organized way, we can see that often act in ways that exercise criminal and illegitimate violence on other people.

"The state routinely commits mass murder, which he calls" wars "and sometimes" suppression of subversion "Rothbard.

But murder for a wallet is just as abhorrent murder led to large scale, security, homeland, the people per revolution, the common good, welfare, or race.

The truth is that neither the state nor the governments and their institutions, nor rulers, nor the common people, alone or organized, as individuals or as groups, have the right to attack other individuals. That no matter what name you put their actions or defend entelechy say.

ethically Judging everyone equally, violent actions are not virtuous.

"Non-violence is not a virtue designed to encourage monastic inner peace, but a rule of conduct necessary for living in society, ensuring respect for human dignity. " Gandhi

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REFLECTIONS ON CHILE 2030

After reading the text Chile 2030, there are several previous findings, as initial assessment, you can set overall.

The first and most important challenge is democratic political and civic institutions. Without that, the rest is futile discussion because everything is related to the topic of democracy, in terms the need for counterweights to corporate and political power, so clearly related. In that I agree with Lagos, but he also was part of that partnership at the time.

is required to distribute political power, not concentrate it at parties, the ruling government and warlords finger taxes and corporate friends. Should decentralize power. Decision making and economic policies should be relevant to citizens in their communities, cities and regions.

Therefore, a determining factor is the strengthening of democratic institutions all levels, and that role is not just political parties but of citizens. And see what happens in Florida where democracy has been defeated on all sides.

For something not mentioned in its letter Ricardo Lagos, is that the political elites themselves-those who make decisions from political parties and political power are a factor of inequality, political and economic. Although egalitarians say in their speeches.

Because the hard reality is that, while those who take political decisions, central and local level, continue providing all kinds of privileges for themselves and their friends, is difficult to make progress on any of the items proposed, or avoid political imposition of particular interests through the political and corporate lobbying for rights of other ordinary citizens have no real power.

For this reason, while not constituting a highly competitive electoral system, including: balances on the power, the election of governors and mayors, the ability to remove bad rulers that prevent guaranteed quotas for coalitions and barter arrangements between elites and brazen, it makes no sense to establish a compulsory voting registration covered in automatically.

That

compulsory voting, without avoiding the previous problems, it will convert to ordinary citizens, prisoners of the prevailing corporate political elites, and further strengthen the ruling party-that will compete with the public interest .

We must be honest enough to distinguish an effective democracy in a pseudo democracy. Chile has the elements to develop the first courses of action, increasing self-expression values \u200b\u200band a minimum set of democratic institutions. Lack of political will of elites and citizens.

Because the citizen's duty is to protect democracy from its various institutions and instruments, not to protect the political elite. If the elite representatives are mediocre or away from their constituencies, the duty and right of the citizen is not voting for them, and encourage new leadership beyond party even. Voting is a democratic not a democratic duty.

For all this process, we need new spaces and leadership beyond the traditional elites, and autonomous citizens, independent, self-expression values \u200b\u200b(read: Christian Welzel and Ronald Inglehar) ready to demand the power, and not just party faithful, leaders and political leaders.

The task is complex in that regard.

is clear that the text lacks the How ...

To answer it, the first thing to do is to encourage and further strengthen democratic institutions and yet extend the debate beyond political parties and the leaders of the day ... the citizens are called to reply the how, through constant and open democratic dialogue, which is the basis of politics.

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IF THAT HAPPENS IN JAPAN, CHILE

irregularities 's record company Electric Power Company, in charge of the Fukushima nuclear plant now at risk because of the earthquake-indicate that institutions such as the Chilean one is quite inadequate as to try to implement that type of energy.


With almost a year apart, Chile and Japan, have had to react before a devastating earthquake and tsunami. But there is one key difference: Japan, the third largest economy, with a formal and informal institutions far more developed than Chile, facing a nuclear risk to population, where the responsibilities seem to be not only natural but also human.

It is from this difference, from which we must think globally, the nuclear issue for Chile.

If we are honest, before the earthquake of February 27, 2010, Chile reacted as it is: a developing country. Most of the institutions that should act when faced with danger, to protect citizens, failed. Only firefighters and emergency services responded well to the disaster. The rest will cost a few hours or even days to react to the shock. Others still believe that they did good ...

That poor institutions and "a la chilena", has allowed many "responsible" state and private-owners-no construction assume no liability or expense caused by their negligence. And the costs of government or corporate irresponsibility, continue to bear the ordinary citizens.

Our institutions are still ineffective in protecting citizens, although the current government to attempt to show otherwise.

Could an institutional way, support a nuclear energy program and the risks that this entails? I doubt it. As always, to a fault Citizens end up paying the negative externalities, must be evacuated, expropriated or contaminated, while others take profits and take a plane when the radiation approaches.

And I doubt even more, considering that even the Japanese institutional development, it seems much more efficient and disciplined than ours, presents serious irregularities on the issue of nuclear energy management.

Because something that few mention media is that Electric Power Company (TEPCO), the company in charge of the Fukushima Daiichi plant damaged before the earthquake had a history of serious irregularities, including falsifying safety reports and lack of control.

In 2002 the Japanese government closed some plants operated by the company, after it has been twenty years TEPCO acknowledged falsifying safety reports. Despite harakiri, in 2004, an explosion at a plant, was again omitted from the safety reports, and subsequent investigation revealed that the area where it occurred the accident had not been revised in 28 years, by anyone. It's no wonder that the earthquake caused serious damage.

So no wonder the seismologist at Kobe University, Katsushika Ishibashi, nuclear security specialist, says that failure is not just Fukushima Daiichi fault earthquake: "If the power was properly reviewed and updated should not have so many problems, but apparently not so."

As always in these cases, blame and irresponsibility were shared, or hidden, between the company and the state. In all cases, without blushing, the Japanese government acknowledged lack of rigor in the granting of permits, which in the case TEPCO had been approved based on studies of the seventies.

Sound familiar that dubious studies and awards going to bring the rules then have negative consequences for people or ecosystems?

However, as everywhere baked beans, this history, and as always, in February, the company had achieved the government permits Japan to extend for 10 years, the central activity of Fukushima, now damaged.

And as always, the cost of irresponsibility not assume the government and its friends some companies, but ordinary citizens .

Can you imagine what would happen in Chile with a nuclear plant, if it costs more transparent information on the purchase of a bridge, or the audit is deficient in several areas, because the lobby is imposed in exchange for financial support for campaigns?

All this will not stop ringing "very Chilean" if we think of many projects approved by committees of experts lobbyists, managers, bureaucrats, and vice versa, or no previous studies or dubious quality, which ultimately responsible not assume any cost. All I assume other citizens, fishermen, small farmers, neighbors, etc.. Clearly, much worse would be if the cost is to have more radiation than normal in the body.

The previous history regarding the management of some nuclear plants Nipponese, indicate that talk of nuclear plants in Chile is irresponsible considering the deficiency of our institutions at the environmental, public policy and advocacy.

is foolish despite lobbying the Chilean government, and agreements are to be imposed on citizens from despotic power, while the means we are focusing on Obama's smile .

In simple terms, if it happens in Japan, never mind what would happen in Chile with a nuclear plant.

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Second Round Magazine Capacity 5

Creation Magazine ONYX
Year 6 - No 5
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1) Story: Free topic. Unpublished. Be used Times New Roman font in 12
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FORGET TO DICTATORS AND ETHICAL COHERENCE

Staggering Gaddafi's dictatorship, has revealed the widespread inconsistency and hypocrisy of many, judging when dictators and despots.

When initiated mobilizations against autocratic regimes in countries such as Tunisia and Egypt, many spoke of a survey of local peoples oppressed against "authoritarian Arab regimes, the interests of imperialism in the region."

However, ironically against the riots in Libya against the dictator Qaddafi, these early expressions of confidence in "the people mobilized, have led to " mobilization is coordinated by imperialism and the interests suspects. "

clearly inconsistent So, about the situation of the autocracy of Qaddafi, called "The Republic Arab Jamahiriya Socialist ", some have raised many rhetorical embellishment to justify autocratic regime's brutality against demonstrators and the stubbornness of the dictator Gaddafi leaves office. Reaching the point of saying that there are good and bad dictators, as the "enemy" that it has.

According to this point of view, incoherent, unlike what happened in Egypt, Libya would not be mobilized citizens, people facing a disastrous dictatorship, but behind, is "black hand" favorable a questionable interest, against a leader "legitimate and revolutionary as Gaddafi. " "Inconsistent not?

But beyond this absurd rhetorical play multiple positions and explanations, shows the lack of an ethical criterion for judging any political regime and the actions of governments. Thus, we see a better way, the incoherence and hypocrisy about democracy of many.

If one judges the ethical act of States and Governments, whatever name you have such schemes, no dictatorship can be good, always infamous, because no state, much less a ruler, have the right to monopolize power, stripped of their civil rights to citizens, silence and less massacre.

On the other hand, if we judge the ethical act of great powers, as well as Venezuela and Cuba, the situation regarding Libya, all have been very hypocritical in terms of democracy, the right to rebellion, and the human rights of thousands of Libyans.

And while some, to the apparent inconsistencies in their leaders and warlords, play to a draw by saying that this or that power also justified dictatorships, or try camouflage governmental hypocrisy on the basis of supporting brutal for "reasons of state, national interest or strategy," the conclusion from an ethical standpoint, is that all states have been hypocrites, whether they like it.

Then we see that the problem surrounding dictatorships and as the judge, remains an ethical problem that most people, from politicians, analysts through to ordinary people-mess accommodations with semantic and discourse, to justify the unjustifiable.

Y resolved in an ethical manner, because the truth is that there is good and bad dictatorships, but all are despicable, even if there bringing down another despot.

The central mistake of this, is that most judges the same thing, authoritarian, dictatorial power and arrogance, as the dictator's uniform color, the length of his beard or hair or the word most used to in their speeches.

Worse, based on that given to these rulers the right and resources to use force at will against the person, on behalf of "global security the proletarian revolution, freedom, socialism "or whatever.

And basically, what they do, is to grant rights and powers to a person or group of individuals (whether they be President, Commander leader, prophet, art or whatever), that no human being is alone, especially in the use of force.

Worse is when that power has no counterweight class legal and ethical material, a dictatorship whose leader said that all love him.

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